(Single Best Answer) Question 171: A 10 month old boy, weighing 3 kg has polyuria, polydipsia and delayed motor milestones. Investigations show blood levels of creatinine 0.5 mg/dL. potassium 3 mEq/L, sodium 125 mEq/L, chloride 88 mEq/L, calcium 8.8 mg/dL, pH - 7.46, and bicarbonate 26 mEq/L. Ultrasonography shows medullary nephrocalcinosis. The most likely diagnosis is ?
A) Renal tubular acidosis B) Diabetes insipidus C) Bartter syndrome D) Pseudohypoaldosteronism Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):
(Single Best Answer) Question 172: A 12 year old boy is referred for evaluation of nocturnal enuresis and short stature. The blood pressure is normal. The blood urea is 112 mg/dL, creatinine 6 mg/dL, sodium 119 mEq/l, potassium 4 mEq/l, calcium 7 mg/dl, phosphate 6 mg/dl, and alkaline phosphatase 400 U/l. Urinalysis shows trace proteinuria with hyaline casts; no red and white cells are seen. Ultrasound shows bilateral small kidneys and the micturating cystourethrogram is normal. The most likely diagnosis is ?
A) Alport's syndrome B) Medullary sponge kidney C) Chronic glomerulonephritis D) Nephronophthisis Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):
(Single Best Answer) Question 173: An 8 day old breast fed baby presents with vomiting, poor feeding and loose stools. On examination the heart rate is 190/minute, blood pressure 50/30 mmHg, respiratory rate 72 beats/minute and capillary refill time of 4 seconds. Investigations show hemoglobin level of 15 g/dL, Na 120 mEq/l, K 6.8 mEq/l, Cl 81 mEq/l, bicarbonate 15 mEq/l, urea 30 mg/dl and creatinine 0.6 mg/dl. The most likely diagnosis is ?
A) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia B) Acute tubular necrosis C) Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis D) Galactosemia Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):
A) Posterior urethral valves B) Vesicoureteric reflux C) Neurogenic bladder D) Renal calculi Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):
(Single Best Answer) Question 175: A one year old boy presented with hepatosplenomegaly and delayed milestones. The liver biopsy and bone marrow biopsy revealed presence of histiocytes with PAS-positive. Diastase-resistant material in the cytoplasm. Electron-microscopic examination of these histiocytes is most likely to reveal the presence of ?
A) Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm B) Myelin figures in the cytoplasm C) Parallel rays of tubular structures in lysosomes D) Electron dense deposit in the mitochondria Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):
(Single Best Answer) Question 176: A 7 year old boy presented with generalised oedema. Urine examinations revealed marked albuminuria. Serum biochemical examinations showed hypoalbuminemia with hyperlipidemia. Kidney biopsy was undertaken. On light microscopic examination, the kidney appeared normal. Electron microscopic examination is most likely to reveal ?
A) Fusion of foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells B) Rarefaction of glomerular basement membrane C) Deposition of electron dense material in the basement membrane D) Thin basement membrane Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):
(Single Best Answer) Question 177: A 9 yr old boy has steriod dependent nephrotic syndrome for the last 5 years. He had received corticosteroids almost continuously during this period and has cushingoid features. The blood pressure is 120/86 mmHg and there are bilateral subcapsular cataracts. The treatment of choice is ?
A) Levamisole B) Cyclophosphamide C) Cyclosporin A D) Intravenous pulse corticosteriods Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):
A) Atrial septal defect B) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome C) Truncus arteriosus D) Double outlet right ventricle Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):
(Single Best Answer) Question 179: A 3 year old boy is detected to have bilateral renal calculi. Metabolic evaluation confirms the presence of marked hypercalciuria with normal blood levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid and creatinine. A diagnosis of idiopathic hypercalciuria is made. The dietary management includes all , except ?
A) Increased water intake B) Low sodium diet C) Reduced Calcium intake D) Avoid meat proteins Answer (Select an option above to get the answer):